1.1.14 Default Field Values in New Objects

A New Object Exists Before You Assign Scenario Values

When C# creates an object:

Player player1 = new Player();

the object exists immediately after the statement executes.

Its fields already have values.

If the supplied class has not established another initial value, C# fields begin with default values based on their types.

This matters because:

does not mean:

Common Default Values

For the basic field types already introduced, useful defaults include:

Field type	Default field value
int	0
double	0.0
bool	false
reference type such as string or another class	null

For example, if Player contains:

string name;
int jerseyNumber;
bool isAvailable;

then a newly created object may initially have conceptual state like:

name = null
jerseyNumber = 0
isAvailable = false

until other code assigns different values.

A Default Value Is Not Automatically the Required Value

Suppose the UML requires:

jerseyNumber = 7

The new object's default:

jerseyNumber = 0

does not satisfy that requirement.

The field must be assigned the required state.

Likewise, if UML requires:

isAvailable = true

the default Boolean value:

false

is not correct for that snapshot.

Default Does Not Mean Wrong

A default value is simply the value C# provides when no other field initialization has established a different state.

Sometimes the default is appropriate.

Sometimes it is temporary.

Sometimes it reveals that required initialization has not happened yet.

The meaning depends on the program.

Reference Fields Default to null

Suppose a Player object has a field that can refer to a Team object.

Conceptually:

Team team;

Before the program assigns an actual Team object, that reference field can have the default value:

null

null means the reference does not currently point to an object.

That becomes important when code tries to use the dot operator through the reference.

null Is Different From an Empty String

For a string field:

null

and:

""

are different states.

null means the reference does not currently refer to a string object/value instance.

"" is an empty string containing zero characters.

You do not need to perform advanced string handling here.

Simply recognize that they are not interchangeable.

0 Can Be a Real Value

A default numeric value can be confusing because 0 may also be meaningful.

For example:

goals = 0

can be a valid soccer state.

The debugger cannot tell you from the value alone whether 0 is:

intentionally assigned;
or still the field's default.

Use the requirement and execution path as evidence.

Observe Defaults Immediately After new

A useful runtime moment is directly after:

Player player1 = new Player();

Pause execution and inspect player1.

Before later assignments execute, you can see the object's initial field state.

Then step over:

player1.name = "Jordan";
player1.jerseyNumber = 7;
player1.isAvailable = true;

and observe the values change.

This shows the difference between:

object creation

and:

scenario-state assignment.

Default Values Help Explain Later Exceptions

Suppose an object contains a reference field whose current value is:

null

If code later tries to access a member through that reference, the program can fail at runtime.

That is one common path to a NullReferenceException.

CO-029 focuses directly on diagnosing that situation.

Keep the Main Idea

After new:

the object exists;
its fields already have current values;
those values may be C# defaults;
later assignments can change them.

The debugger helps you observe that state rather than guessing what a new object contains.