Learning Plan 2 : Variables and Data Types

String Variables

We have to process lots of strings in programs a lot too.

Strings are a series of characters surrounded by double or single quotes.

    "This is a string"
    "This isn't a number"
    'This is a string too'
    'The cow says, "moo"'
    "Fred"
    "Bert"
    "Ernie"

You have to have quotes around a string.
- If a string is surrounded by double quotes then you can have single quotes inside the string.
- If a string is surrounded by single quotes then you can have double quotes inside the string.
- But, sometimes we need to put a character into a string that is special, like a tab. How do we do that?

Escape Characters. Here's a list of characters that we need to be able to embed into strings

`\b`	Backspace
`\t`	tab
`\n`	newline
`\v`	vertical tab
`\f`	form feed
`\r`	Carriage return
`\\`	Literal backslash
`\"`	Double Quote
`\'`	Single Quote

To embed them in a string you just type the code with the backslash.
```
                
              
```

Escape Character Examples

Adding a single quote to a string that starts and ends with single quotes.
```
                    
                
```

Adding a double quote to a string that starts and ends with double quotes.
```
                    
                
```

Adding both and single and a double quote to the same string.
```
                    
                
```

Here's some strings with tabs
```
                    
                
```

The `length` function.

There are lots of functions in JavaScript that let us manipulate strings.
Length of a string: You use the ".length" function
```
                    
                
```
Here's the output from the above code:

    The mystery variable is 16

Here's the working demo of the above code: Demo: String Variables